The Plains tribes' way of life, religion, and economy depended on buffalo herds, and Lone Wolf knew that the animal and the tribes faced extinction unless he drove the Texans away. Lone Wolf believed that vast buffalo herds were being driven westward by Texans, just to be slaughtered by hide hunters.He professed his love of peace and harmony openly, and apparently was sincere so long as Texas did not enter into consideration. His relations with the army were good during the months following the treaty council.By the treaty terms, the Kiowas were supposed to remain on their reservation at Fort Sill, Indian Territory, and cease all raids.įollowing the treaty of 1867, Lone Wolf led a double life: The document did allow the Kiowa to continue their raids to protect their lifeblood, the buffalo, from wholesale slaughter. Although he attended the Medicine Lodge Council in Medicine Lodge, Kansas, he did not sign the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty.
#Lone wolf oklahoma series
In the spring of 1866, Lone Wolf led his warriors on a series of raids into Texas. In October 18, 1865, Lone Wolf and other prominent chiefs signed the Little Arkansas Treaty with federal representatives. Colley accompanied Lone Wolf, among several Indian delegates, to Washington, D.C. Army's armed pacification in the 1860s and '70s, the period of violent domestication from nomadic to forced reservation life dictated by the federal government.Īs a member of the Tsetanma, an elite warrior society, Lone Wolf emerged as a leader among the tribe's militant factions. He was a leader among his tribe's militant minority during the U.S. In reaction to massive encroachment on their lands by white settlers, buffalo skinners and others, the Kiowa staged punitive raids in the vain hope of driving them out. The Kiowa lived in what became Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. Born around 1820, Lone Wolf was a principal chief of the Kiowa, following the death of Chief Dohasan.
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